Updated: 2026/01/17
Middle Powers’ Defence Cooperation Diplomacy and Shifts in Strategic Postures
Abstract
Countering AI-Enabled Cognitive Warfare: Lessons from the Five Eyes Countries
This study examines how the Five Eyes countries—including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand—have responded to emerging cognitive warfare threats posed by generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as disinformation operations and foreign interference in democratic processes. It explores the coordinated development of response strategies across three key domains: international cooperation, whole-of-government approaches, and public-private collaboration. The study finds that while each country adopts slightly different frameworks, they share a recognition of the urgency posed by AI-enabled influence campaigns and the need for multidimensional countermeasures.